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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Transport automation research</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Transport automation research</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Автоматика на транспорте</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2412-9186</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">81819</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Из истории автоматики</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>HISTORY OF AUTOMATION</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Из истории автоматики</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Development of signalling, centralization and blocking devices during the period of industrial capitalism (1861-1900). Part 4: Centralization of switches and signals</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Развитие устройств СЦБ в период промышленного капитализма (1861-1900 гг.). Часть 4: Централизация стрелок и сигналов</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>ЛУПАЛ</surname>
       <given-names>Николай Васильевич V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lupal</surname>
       <given-names>N V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ленинградский институт инженеров железнодорожного транспорта</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Leningrad Institute of Railways Engeneering</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-25T18:22:47+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2016</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-25T18:22:47+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2016</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>300</fpage>
   <lpage>310</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-06-12T18:22:47+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2016</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15T18:22:47+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2016</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://itt-pgups.ru/en/nauka/article/81819/view">https://itt-pgups.ru/en/nauka/article/81819/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Статья содержит материалы второго раздела неизданной монографии первого заведующего кафедрой «Автоматика и телемеханика на железных дорогах» Ленинградского института инженеров железнодорожного транспорта Николая Васильевича Лупала «Развитие устройств сигнализации, централизации и блокировки на железных дорогах России». Освещаются особенности централизации стрелок и сигналов на железных дорогах в рассматриваемый период.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article presents the materials of the second section of unpublished manuscript of a monograph «Development of signalling, centralization and blocking devices on Russian railways», that was written by N. V. Lupal, the ﬁrst head of the department of Automation and Remote control on railway transport of Leningrad Institute of railway transport Engineers. The section highlights the features of control of the power switches and signals within the period of review.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Петербурго-Московская железная дорога</kwd>
    <kwd>централизация</kwd>
    <kwd>семафор</kwd>
    <kwd>стрелка</kwd>
    <kwd>замыкатель</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>St. Petersburg - Moscow railway</kwd>
    <kwd>centralization</kwd>
    <kwd>semaphore</kwd>
    <kwd>switch</kwd>
    <kwd>lock</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
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