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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Intellectual Technologies on Transport</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Intellectual Technologies on Transport</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Интеллектуальные технологии на транспорте</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2413-2527</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">89550</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20295/2413-2527-2024-339-30-43</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Математическое моделирование, численные методы и комплексы программ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Mathematical modeling, counting methods and software complexes</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Математическое моделирование, численные методы и комплексы программ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Technologies and Methods for Planning the Movement of UAVs Along Waypoints</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Технологии и методы планирования перемещения БПЛА по маршрутным точкам</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Липанов</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lipanov</surname>
       <given-names>Il'ya Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>illipanov@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Хомоненко</surname>
       <given-names>Анатолий Дмитриевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Khomonenko</surname>
       <given-names>Anatoly Dmitrievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>khomon@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <city>St. Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <city>St. Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-космическая академия имени А. Ф. Можайского</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Mozhaisky Military Aerospace Academy</institution>
     <city>Saint Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>10</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>30</fpage>
   <lpage>43</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://itt-pgups.ru/en/nauka/article/89550/view">https://itt-pgups.ru/en/nauka/article/89550/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В нашем мире особое место занимают беспилотные летательные аппараты (БПЛА). Их способность перемещаться по заданным маршрутам открывает перспективы в разных сферах. Цель исследования: обзор и анализ навигационных систем и алгоритмов маршрутизации БПЛА, методов, позволяющих БПЛА с высокой точностью следовать по маршруту. Исследуются системы GPS и инерциальной навигации (INS), обеспечивающие точное определение местоположения. Анализируются возможности сенсорных систем — камер, лидаров и ультразвуковых датчиков — для обнаружения препятствий и корректировки траектории; воксельные карты для трехмерного моделирования окружающей среды и методы одновременной локализации и картографирования (SLAM); алгоритм A* (A-star); генетический алгоритм маршрутизации, алгоритмы избегания препятствий на основе потенциалов и RRT. Практическая значимость: применение указанных алгоритмов и технологий может существенно повысить безопасность и точность маршрутизации БПЛА, возможность автономно перемещаться в сложных и динамически изменяющихся ландшафтах. В заключение обсуждаются преимущества и ограничения навигационных подходов и технологий, значимость интеграции сенсорных систем и методов SLAM для повышения автономности и эффективности БПЛА, направления дальнейших исследований.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) occupy a special place in our world. Their ability to navigate along set routes opens up prospects in various fields. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze navigation systems and UAV routing algorithms, methods that allow UAVs to follow the route with high accuracy. GPS and inertial navigation (INS) systems that provide accurate location determination are being investigated. The capabilities of sensor systems — cameras, lidars and ultrasonic sensors — are analyzed to detect obstacles and adjust the trajectory; voxel maps for three-dimensional modeling of the environment and methods of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM); algorithm A* (A-star); genetic routing algorithm, potential-based obstacle avoidance algorithms and RRT. Practical significance: the use of these methods and technologies can significantly improve the safety and accuracy of UAV routing, the ability to navigate autonomously in complex and dynamically changing landscapes. In conclusion, the advantages and limitations of navigation approaches and technologies are discussed; the importance of integrating sensor systems and SLAM methods to increase the autonomy and efficiency of UAVs; directions for further research.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>маршрутизация БПЛА</kwd>
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>INS</kwd>
    <kwd>SLAM</kwd>
    <kwd>ADS-B</kwd>
    <kwd>воксельные карты</kwd>
    <kwd>сенсорные системы</kwd>
    <kwd>генетический алгоритм</kwd>
    <kwd>алгоритм RRT</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>UAV routing</kwd>
    <kwd>GPS</kwd>
    <kwd>INS</kwd>
    <kwd>SLAM</kwd>
    <kwd>ADS-B</kwd>
    <kwd>voxel maps</kwd>
    <kwd>sensor systems</kwd>
    <kwd>genetic algorithm</kwd>
    <kwd>RRT algorithm</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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