Purpose: To create a mathematical model for optimizing the distribution of brake force in railway wagons during bogie-based braking, specifically addressing the issue of non-uniform wear of freight wagon brake shoes, which is one of the main factors impairing braking efficiency and operational safety. Methods: An evaluation of the limitations of traditional brake lever transmissions was performed, highlighting their intricate adjustment mechanisms and the uneven brake shoe wear. A mathematical model was created to correlate brake shoe wear with brake force, friction coefficient, vehicle speed, and the geometry of the lever transmission. The model accounts for the dynamic shift of the brake shoe’s center of gravity due to uneven wear, which is critical for preventing localized overloads. A parametric optimization of the brake system design was performed, focusing on the appropriate selection of lever arm lengths and the regulation of pressure in the brake cylinders. Results: The proposed solution introduces an innovative bogie-whise braking system, featuring brake cylinders positioned directly at wheelsets and equipped with automatic stroke regulators. The experimental data have demonstrated that the system under investigation significantly reduces the dispersion of normal forces acting on brake shoe surfaces compared to conventional systems. The developed model will ensure more uniform shoe wear and enhance operational safety by minimizing the risk of wheel lockup. Practical significance: The research results obtained will enable the integration of the developed model in the design of new freight wagon brake systems and the modernisation of existing ones. Implementing the proposed bogie-wise braking system will extend brake shoe lifespan and reduce the frequency of incidents associated with braking systems, thereby enhancing operational safety while diminishing maintenance costs.