Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University Известия Петербургского университета путей сообщения 1815-588X 2658-6851 126799 10.20295/1815-588X‑2026-2-288-298 Проблематика транспортных систем PROBLEMATIC OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM Проблематика транспортных систем Methods for Protecting Railway Automation and Remote Control Facilities from Lightning Strikes Методы защиты объектов железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики от ударов молнии Соловьев Александр Дмитриевич Solov'ev Aleksandr Dmitrievich Shura.Solovyov.01@mail.ru Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I Россия Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University Russian Federation 30 06 2026 30 06 2026 23 2 288 298 20 02 2026 10 04 2026 https://itt-pgups.ru/en/nauka/article/126799/view

Цель: выполнить анализ современных методов молниезащиты зданий и высоковольтных линий 6–10 кВ, питающих устройства железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики, и оценить их применимость с учетом типовых сценариев грозовых воздействий. Обосновать необходимость комплексной защиты вводов питания. Методы: проведен аналитический обзор научных публикаций, нормативных документов и эксплуатационных данных. Выполнена классификация внешних и внутренних систем молниезащиты, а также средств повышения грозостойкости высоковольтных линий. Сопоставлены принципы действия защитных устройств с основными сценариями воздействия молнии: прямым ударом, ударом в опору и близким разрядом с электромагнитной индукцией. Результаты: показано, что эффективность традиционных методов защиты зависит от условий эксплуатации и не может обеспечиваться изолированным применением отдельных средств. Выявлены ограничения использования грозозащитных тросов и установки ограничителей перенапряжений только на вводе питания. Обоснована необходимость учета волновых процессов в линии при выборе конфигурации защитных устройств и формирования защищенных подходов к объектам железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики. Практическая значимость: реализация предложенного подхода позволяет снизить уровень импульсных перенапряжений на вводах питания и повысить надежность функционирования устройств железнодорожной автоматики и телемеханики.

Objective: to analyze modern lightning protection methods for buildings and 6–10 kV overhead lines supplying railway automation and remote control (zat) systems, and to assess their applicability considering typical lightning impact scenarios. To substantiate the necessity of an integrated approach to protecting power supply inputs. Methods: an analytical review of scientific publications, regulatory documents, and operational data was conducted. External and internal lightning protection systems, as well as methods for improving the lightning performance of overhead lines, were classified. The operating principles of protective devices were compared with the main lightning impact scenarios, including direct strikes to phase conductors, strikes to poles or grounding systems, and nearby strikes causing electromagnetic induction. Results: it is shown that the effectiveness of conventional protection methods strongly depends on operating conditions and cannot be ensured by isolated application of individual measures. Limitations of shield wires and the installation of surge arresters only at power supply inputs are identified. The necessity of accounting for traveling wave processes in overhead lines when selecting protective device configurations and implementing “protected approaches” to railway automation facilities is substantiated. Practical significance: the proposed approach reduces impulse overvoltages at power supply inputs and improves the reliability of railway automation and remote control systems.

 молния внешняя молниезащита внутренняя молниезащита средства защиты молниезащита высоковольтных линий железнодорожная автоматика и телемеханика lightning external lightning protection internal lightning protection protective devices lightning protection of high-voltage lines railway automation and remote control

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