Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Purpose: To develop and validate a mathematical model that describes the interaction between a multisection tram and the track, focusing on the analysis of lateral stability (swaying), vertical dynamics, as well as the effects of track parameters, such as gauge, cant, irregularities, and wear due corrugation, on safety and ride comfort. Methods: A dynamic simulation of tram motion was conducted using the “Universal Mechanism” software package, which is articulated as a sophisticated mechanical system. This system includes an inertial track model, a comprehensive joint–force scheme for the vehicle, and a nonlinear contact between the wheel and the rail. Results: Verification tests and the adaptation of the model based on data from full-scale field experiments, demonstrating a convergence of vehicle body root-mean-square accelerations within a range of 3% to 12.5%. The results of the study have confirmed the model’s appropriateness for establishing standards related to the design and maintenance of tram tracks along straight segments. Practical significance: The proposed model can be utilized to justify the choice of track gauge and cant, determine tolerances for deviations in both horizontal and vertical track alignment and profile, set parameters for acceptable rail corrugation, and evaluate permissible speeds given the current conditions of wheels and tracks. The study complements the existing research on vehicle–track interaction in rail transportation by characterizing tram kinematics and presenting a reliable method for the verification and adaptation of the model using empirical data.
Tram, wheel–rail, swaying, track gauge, vehicle dynamics, Universal Mechanism
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