Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN

Anton Antonov; Lyudmila Blazhko

doi:10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125

UDC

625.033.34

ACCOUNTING FOR THE TYPE OF FREIGHT WAGONS IN DETERMINING THE STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VERTICAL TRACK FORCES GENERATED BY ROLLING STOCK WITH AXIAL LOADS OF 230.5–245.0 KN Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN

АА Аа

Published in Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University · Pages 117–125 · Rubric: PROBLEMATIC OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125

Received: 26.01.2026 Accepted: 28.02.2026 Published: 31.03.2026

Authors

Anton Antonov

Lyudmila Blazhko

Anton Antonov

Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University Senior Lecturer · Department of “Railway Track” · Russian Federation

Lyudmila Blazhko

Academic degree: doctor of technical sciences

Science rang: professor

Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Objective: when determining the statistical distribution of vertical forces acting on the track for heavy-haul rolling stock (230.5–245.0 kN axial load), it is essential to account for the specific type of freight wagons. Methods: vertical dynamic wheel-rail forces generated by freight trains with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN were measured experimentally. Subsets of the observed data were separated based on wagon type and operational conditions. Separate statistical analysis was performed on each subset. Results: statistical analysis indicated that wagon type (tank, hopper dispenser, or gondola) significantly affects the statistical form of vertical wheel-rail forces. In a number of cases, the actual distribution of vertical forces does not follow the normal probability distribution law (Gaussian distribution), which is traditionally assumed when estimating track stress-strain indicators. Thus, this mismatch may induce errors in stress calculations and, consequently, lead to inefficient decision-making in railway track maintenance planning. To address this, an analytical relation was derived – based on Weibull distribution – linking the maximum dynamic wheel-rail force Pmax (kN) to the parameters of the Weibull distribution functions. This dependence enables a more accurate determination of the area under the probability density curve of vertical forces. Practical significance: the findings of the study can be applied to improve the precision of stress assessments and to inform indicators of the stress-strain state of the track in accordance with the Methodology for assessing the impact of rolling stock on the track to ensure its reliability.

KEYWORDS

vertical forces of the wheel on the rail, calculation of the strength path, normal random variable distribution, Weibull distribution

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GOST

Antonov A. Y., Blazhko L. S. Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN // . 2026. pp. 117-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125. (Date of access 19.08.2026).

MLA

Anton Antonov, Blazhko L. S.. "Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN." (2026): 117-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125.

APA

Antonov A. Y., Blazhko L. S. (2026). Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN. , 117-125. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125

Chicago

Anton Antonov, Blazhko L. S.. "Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN." , no. (2026): 117-125. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Antonov A. Y., Blazhko L. S. | title = Accounting for the type of freight wagons in determining the statistical distribution of vertical track forces generated by rolling stock with axial loads of 230.5–245.0 kN | journal = | year = 2026 | pages = 117-125 | doi = 10.20295/1815-588X-2026-1-117-125 }}

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