Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (Department of Automation, Remote Control and Communication on Railway Transport, Professor)
«Scientific Research and Design Institute «Transport and Construction Safety» LLC (General Director Deputy on Scientific Research Work)
Tashkent State Transport University (Department of Automation and Remote Control, Professor)
Russian Federation
UDC 681.518.5
Abstract: The paper demonstrates that the established organizational structure of the concurrent error-detection circuit, founded on the self-duality feature with preliminary signal compression from the diagnostic object employing the parity function (a modified parity control structure), enables the comprehensive self-checking discrete devices for specific initial objects. As demonstrated, when conducting control checking calculations based on the self-duality feature with preliminary compression of signals from the diagnostic object by parity, faults in the modulo-2 addition gates of the parity code encoder are not detected. This is provided that the parity of the sub-vector of the data vector, generated at outputs connected by paths with the failed gate, remains unchanged. This imposes certain restrictions on the use of the established modified parity control structure in the self-checking discrete device synthesis. The paper presents a further modification to the parity testing structure. The proposed structure overcomes the known structure’s drawback by ensuring calculation control through both parity and assigning the function describing the control output to the class of self-dual Boolean functions. Due to the minor complication of the CED circuit compared to the parity check circuit, it is possible to significantly improve the testability characteristics. Further studies of the new organization structure of CED parity check circuits will allow us to determine the criteria of its applicability in the self-checking discrete device synthesis.
discrete device fault detection; self-checking discrete device; Boolean complement self-duality control; parity computing check; concurrent error-detection circuit; control circuit component testability
1. Glushkov V. M. Sintez cifrovyh avtomatov / V. M. Glush- kov. — M.: LENAND, 2022. — 480 s.
2. Mosin S. G. Podhod k vyboru metoda testirovaniya sme- shannyh integral'nyh shem na osnove stoimostnoy modeli / S. G. Mosin // Upravlenie bol'shimi sistema- mi. — 2013. — № 41. — S. 344–356.
3. Speranskiy D. V. Geneticheskiy algoritm razmescheniya kontrol'nyh tochek v cifrovom ustroystve / D. V. Spe- ranskiy // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya: Matematika. Mehanika. Informatika. — 2017. — T. 17. — № 3. — S. 353–362.
4. Hahanov V. Vector Synthesis of Fault Testing Map for Logic / V. Hahanov, W. Gharibi, S. Chumachenko, E. Litvinova // IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA). — 2024. — Vol. 13. — Iss. 3. — Pp. 293–306.
5. Ubar R. Structural Decision Diagrams in Digital Test: Theory and Applications / R. Ubar, J. Raik, M. Jenihhin, A. Jutman. — Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2024. — 595 p.
6. Parhomenko P. P. Osnovy tehnicheskoy diagnostiki (optimizaciya algoritmov diagnostirovaniya, appara- turnye sredstva) / P. P. Parhomenko, E. S. Sogomonyan. — M.: Energoatomizdat, 1981. — 320 s.
7. Drozd A. Checkability of the Digital Components in Safety- Critical Systems: Problems and Solutions / A. Drozd, V. Kharchenko, S. Antoshchuk, J. Sulima et al. // Proceedings of 9th IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS’2011). — Sevastopol, Ukraine, 2011. — Pp. 411– 416.
8. Sapozhnikov V. V. Diskretnye avtomaty s obnaruzheniem otkazov / V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozhnikov. — L.: Energoatomizdat, 1984. — 112 s.
9. Sogomonyan E. S. Samoproveryaemye ustroystva i otka- zoustoychivye sistemy / E. S. Sogomonyan, E. V. Sla- bakov. — M.: Radio i svyaz', 1989. — 208 s.
10. Juracy L. R. Optimized Design of an LSSD Scan Cell / L. R. Juracy, M. T. Moreira, F. A. Kuentzer, A. M. Amory // IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems. — 2017. — Vol. 25. — Iss. 2. — Pp. 765–768.
11. Mitra S. Which Concurrent Error Detection Scheme to Choose? / S. Mitra, E. J. McCluskey // Proceedings of International Test Conference. — USA, Atlantic City, NJ, 2000. — Pp. 985–994.
12. Chioktour V. Adaptive BIST for Concurrent On-Line Testing on Combinational Circuits / V. Chioktour, A. Kakarountas // Electronics. — 2022. — Vol. 19. — Iss. 11. — Pp. 1–20.
13. Sahana A. R. Application of Error Detection and Correction Techniques to Self-Checking VLSI Systems: An Overview / A. R. Sahana, V. Chiraag, G. Suresh, P. Thejaswini et al. // Proceedings of 2023 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference (GCON). — Guwahati, 2023.
14. Sapozhnikov V. V. Kody s summirovaniem dlya sistem tehnicheskogo diagnostirovaniya. Tom 1: Klassicheskie kody Bergera i ih modifikacii / V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozhnikov, D. V. Efanov. — M.: Nauka, 2020. — 383 s.
15. Sapozhnikov V. V. Kody s summirovaniem dlya sistem tehnicheskogo diagnostirovaniya. Tom 2: Vzveshennye kody s summirovaniem / V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozh- nikov, D. V. Efanov. — M.: Nauka, 2021. — 455 s.
16. Sagalovich Yu. L. Obnaruzhenie neispravnostey v shem- noy realizacii sistemy monotonnyh bulevyh funk- ciy / Yu. L. Sagalovich, V. Yu. Solomennikov // Problemy peredachi informacii. — 1997. — T. 33. — № 2. — S. 81–93.
17. Dmitriev A. New Self-Dual Circuits for Error Detection and Testing / A. Dmitriev, V. Saposhnikov, V. Saposhnikov, M. Goessel // VLSI Design. — 2000. — Vol. 11. — Iss. 1. — Pp. 1–21.
18. Matrosova A. Yu. Self-Checking Synchronous FSM Network Design with Low Overhead / A. Yu. Matrosova, I. Levin, S. A. Ostanin // VLSI Design. — 2000. — Vol. 11. — Iss. 1. — Pp. 47–58.
19. Göessel M. New Methods of Concurrent Checking / M. Göessel, V. Ocheretny, E. Sogomonyan, D. Marienfeld. — Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2008. — 184 p.
20. Yablonskiy S. V. Vvedenie v diskretnuyu matematiku / S. V. Yablonskiy; pod red. V. A. Sadovnicheva. — M.: Vysshaya shkola, 2003. — 384 s.
21. Saposhnikov Vl. V. Self-Dual Parity Checking — a New Method for on Line Testing / Vl. V. Saposhnikov, A. Dmitriev, M. Goessel, V. V. Saposhnikov // Proceedings of 14th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium. — USA, Princeton, 1996. — Pp. 162– 168.
22. Gessel' M. Samotestiruemaya struktura dlya funkcio- nal'nogo obnaruzheniya otkazov v kombinacionnyh she- mah / M. Gessel', A. V. Dmitriev, V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozhnikov // Avtomatika i telemehanika. — 1999. — № 11. — S. 162–174.
23. Sogomonyan E. S. Postroenie samoproveryaemyh shem vstroennogo kontrolya dlya kombinacionnyh ustroystv / E. S. Sogomonyan // Avtomatika i telemehanika. — 1974. — № 2. — S. 121–133.
24. Aksenova G. P. Postroenie samoproveryaemyh shem vstroennogo kontrolya dlya avtomatov s pamyat'yu / G. P. Aksenova, E. S. Sogomonyan // Avtomatika i teleme- hanika. — 1975. — № 7. — S. 132–142.
25. Efanov D. V. Testery samodvoystvennyh i «blizkih» k nim signalov / D. V. Efanov, D. V. Pivovarov // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy. Priborostroenie. — 2024. — T. 67. — № 1. — S. 5–19.
26. Aksenova G. P. Vosstanovlenie v dublirovannyh ustroy- stvah metodom invertirovaniya dannyh / G. P. Aksenova // Avtomatika i telemehanika. — 1987. — № 10. — S. 144–153.
27. Gessel' M. Obnaruzhenie neispravnostey vsamoproverya- emyh kombinacionnyh shemah s ispol'zovaniem svoystv samodvoystvennyh funkciy / M. Gessel', V. I. Moshanin, V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozhnikov // Avtomatika i telemehanika. — 1997. — № 12. — S. 193–200.
28. Sapozhnikov V. V. Samodvoystvennye diskretnye ustroystva / V. V. Sapozhnikov, Vl. V. Sapozhnikov, M. Gessel'. — SPb.: Energoatomizdat, 2001. — 331 s.
29. Efanov D. V. Osobennosti realizacii samoproveryae- myh struktur na osnove metoda invertirovaniya dannyh i lineynyh kodov / D. V. Efanov // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Upravlenie, vychisli- tel'naya tehnika i informatika. — 2023. — № 65. — S. 126–138.
30. Efanov D. V. Issledovanie svoystv samodvoystvennyh kombinacionnyh ustroystv s kontrolem vychisleniy na osnove kodov Hemminga / D. V. Efanov, T. S. Pogodina // Informatika i avtomatizaciya. — 2023. — T. 22. —№ 2. — S. 349–392.
31. Lala P. K. Self-Checking and Fault-Tolerant Digital Design / P. K. Lala. — San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001. — 216 p.
32. Aksenova G. P. Neobhodimye i dostatochnye usloviya postroeniya polnost'yu proveryaemyh shem svertki po modulyu 2 / G. P. Aksenova // Avtomatika i telemehani- ka. — 1979. — № 9. — S. 126–135.
33. Pospelov D. A. Logicheskie metody analiza i sinteza shem / D. A. Pospelov. — M.: Energiya, 1968. — 328 s.
34. Zakrevskiy A. D. Logicheskie osnovy proektirovaniya diskretnyh ustroystv / A. D. Zakrevskiy, Yu. V. Pottosin, L. D. cheremisinova. — M.: Fizmatlit, 2007. — 592 s.
35. Efanov D. V. Osobennosti ispol'zovaniya kodov Hemminga pri sinteze samoproveryaemyh cifrovyh ustroystv na osnove metoda invertirovaniya dannyh / D. V. Efanov // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy. Elektronika. — 2024. — T. 29. — № 3. — S. 379–392.
36. Efanov D. V. Samodvoystvennye cifrovye ustroystva s kontrolem vychisleniy po kodam Syao / D. V. Efanov, T. S. Pogodina // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Upravlenie, vychislitel'naya tehnika i informatika. — 2023. — № 63. — S. 118–136.
37. Efanov D. V. Sintez samoproveryaemyh diskretnyh ustroystv na osnove polinomial'nyh kodov s kontro- lem vychisleniy po neskol'kim diagnosticheskim pri- znakam / D. V. Efanov, D. V. Pivovarov // Avtomatika i telemehanika. — 2025. — № 5. — S. 39–60.
38. Shalyto A. A. Logicheskoe upravlenie. Metody apparat- noy i programmnoy realizacii / A. A. Shalyto. — SPb.: Nauka, 2000. — 780 s.
39. Shalyto A. A. Moduli, universal'nye v klasse samo- dvoystvennyh funkciy i v «blizkih» k nim klassah / A. A. Shalyto // Izvestiya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk. Teoriya i sistemy upravleniya. — 2001. — № 5. — S. 110–120.