graduate student from 01.01.2024 until now
Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
The paper explores contemporary global trends in passenger transportation within metropolitan regions and assesses their implementation in Russia, focusing specifically on Saint Petersburg. Purpose: To identify the primary policy directions for urban transport development in city–region contexts and to evaluate how effectively these directions are integrated and carried out in Saint Petersburg’s Transport System Development Programme. Methods: A systematic review of relevant research literature, a comparative analysis of international large-city practices, and a detailed analysis of Saint Petersburg’s strategic and programme documents along with the mapping of fundamental indicators. Results: A detailed classification of priorities, encompassing public transport, intermodal transportation, tariff integration, private transport demand management, ecological sustainability, and digitalization, has been developed, alongside the identification of factors contributing to the transformation of the urban passenger transport market. While these priorities have been articulated in Saint Petersburg’s official documents, their implementation remains inconsistent. Key deficiencies hindering a widespread and systematic impact include the absence of mandatory standards for synchronized timetables and transfer dependability, fragmented public transport priority corridors, an insufficient cross-jurisdictional alignment of key quality performance indicators (KPIs). Evidence-based recommendations to adapt international practices for urban transport development to the conditions of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration have been proposed. The insights provided will be beneficial for governing bodies and operators in updating urban transport development programmes.
Urban public transport, urban agglomeration, public transport priority, intermodal integration, tariff integration
1. Vasil'eva M. E. Intellektual'nye transportnye sistemy v rossiyskih aglomeraciyah: suschnost', struktura i napravleniya razvitiya / M. E. Vasil'eva, E. M. Volkova, A. S. Romanov // Innovacionnye transportnye sistemy i tehnologii. — 2023. — T. 9. — № 4. — S. 117–128. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.17816/transsyst202394117-128.
2. Losin L. A. Opredelenie potenciala policentrichnosti gorodskih rayonov na osnove matematicheskogo modelirovaniya sistem gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta / L. A. Losin, N. A. Kalyuzhnyy // Izvestiya Peterburgskogo universiteta putey soobscheniya. — SPb.: PGUPS, 2025. — T. 22. — Vyp. 1. — S. 47–59. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2025-1-47-59.
3. Shul'zhenko T. G. Logistika novoy gorodskoy mobil'nosti: cennostno orientirovannyy podhod / T. G. Shul'zhenko, A. E. Zhuk, D. P. Ivanova; pod red. T. G. Shul'zhenko. — M.: INFRA-M, 2023. — 546 s.
4. Schlett M. Public transport through time and space: Novel indicators for fare policy assessment / M. Schlett, A. Loder // Transportation Research Record. — 2025. — Vol. 2679. — Iss. 8. — Pp. 984–1003. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981251335884.
5. Vale D. Accessibility inequality across Europe: A comparison of 15-minute pedestrian accessibility in cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants / D. Vale, A. S. Lopes // npj Urban Sustainability. — 2023. — Vol. 3. — P. 55. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00133-w.
6. Rahimov O. O. Cifrovaya platforma kak element upravleniya transportnoy sistemoy gorodskoy aglomeracii / O. O. Rahimov, M. A. Lyakina // Transport: problemy, idei, perspekISSN 2223-9987. Byulleten' rezul'tatov nauchnyh issledovaniy 2025/4210 Upravlenieiekonomika tivy: sbornik trudov LXXXII Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferencii. — 2022. — S. 101–105.
7. Waldorf I. Low fare public transport as social policy? A study of Germany’s 9-Euro-Ticket and Deutschlandticket via propensity score matching / I. Waldorf, A. Loder, S. Wurster et al. // Transportation. — 2025. — Advance online publication. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-025-10640-7.
8. Gkiotsalitis K. A review of public transport transfer synchronisation at the real-time control phase / K. Gkiotsalitis, O. Cats, T. Liu // Transport Reviews. — 2022. — Vol. 43. — Iss. 1. — Pp. 88–107. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2022.2035014.
9. Liu T. Optimizing public transport transfers by integrating timetable coordination and vehicle scheduling / T. Liu, W. Ji, K. Gkiotsalitis, O. Cats // Computers & Industrial Engineering. — 2023. — Vol. 184. — P. 109577. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109577.
10. Ziedan A. The app or the cap? Which fare innovation affects bus ridership? / A. Ziedan, A. Hightower, L. Lima, C. Brakewood // Transport Policy. — 2024. — Vol. 145. — Pp. 247–258. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.10.014.
11. Andersson I. Rescaling public transport planning in Sweden: Investigating the continued planning at the scale ‘left behind’ / I. Andersson, B. Hermelin // European Planning Studies. — 2024. — Vol. 32. — Iss. 7. — Pp. 1445–1463. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2024.2341977.
12. Zong F. Congestion pricing for sustainable urban transportation systems considering carbon emissions and travel habits / F. Zong, M. Zeng, Y.-X. Li // Sustainable Cities and Society. — 2024. — Vol. 101. — P. 105198. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105198.
13. Zhao C. Impact of carbon charge policy on mode shifts in public transportation / C. Zhao, J. Tang, L. Hu, C. Hu et al. // Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. — 2024. — Vol. 137. — P. 104491. — DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104491.
14. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Sankt-Peterburga ot 30.06.2014 № 552 «O gosudarstvennoy programme Sankt-Peterburga “Razvitie transportnoy sistemy Sankt-Peterburga”» (s izmeneniyami na 7 oktyabrya 2025 goda) // Oficial'nyy sayt Administracii Sankt-Peterburga.



