Russian Federation
This paper presents the research findings concerning the pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of practice-oriented STEM education within the context of the digital transformation of higher transport education. The study examines mechanisms for integrating natural science disciplines, project-based activities, and systems literacy to foster the professional competencies of future railway engineers. Particular attention is paid to identified disparities in students’ digital literacy and methods for their elimination through the use of virtual laboratories and digital twins.
STEM education, digital literacy, systems literacy, virtual laboratories, project-based learning
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